Barbara Gittings personal papers
Scope and Contents
This collection offers an intimate window into Barbara Gittings's personal life. It documents some of Gittings's experience of going to university, learning of homosexuality, eventually failing out of university, and moving from her parents' home in Wilmington, Delaware to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It reveals personal interests outside of her activism such as bears, nature conservation, nudism, and rare books. It paints a picture of her family's temperament, background, and financial status (scrapbooks filled with photos and ephemera of travels throughout the world document the lives of wealthy, white Americans on either side of Gittings's family), as well as the nature of some of Gittings's familial relationships—especially in regard to family members like Katherine Anne Batchelder and Eleanor Gittings Taylor. Finally, legal and financial documents, as well as photos, from Gittings's later years leading up to her death give an idea of the activist's goings-on as she aged and settled in Wilmington, Delaware with Kay Tobin Lahusen.
Materials in this collection provide context for and supplement the current authority on Barbara Gittings's life, Tracey Baim's Barbara Gittings: Gay Pioneer (2014). This collection will be of interest to researchers of Barbara Gittings, the Gittings family history, or LGBT activist history in the United States.
The collection is organized into the following series: I. Personal papers, II. Documents, III. LGBT archives research, and IV. Items.
Series I, "Personal papers," spans the years 1867 to 2006. It contains the subseries: i. Early life (1932-1974; bulk 1932-1951); ii. Miscellaneous personal papers (1975-1991); iii. Subject files (1952-1974); iv. Katherine Anne Batchelder files (1931-2006); v. Gittings and Brooks families (1867-1996); and vi. Family scrapbooks and photo albums (1893-1956).
Some highlights from Series I include:
i. Early life: papers from grade school through to college, including materials from Gittings's pivotal time of discovery of her own homosexuality around the start of college. It documents some of Gittings's experience of going to university, learning of homosexuality, eventually failing out of university, and moving from her parents' home in Wilmington, Delaware to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
ii. Miscellaneous personal papers: this subseries includes a copy of the "Gays in Library Land" pamphlet, published in 1990, chronicling the work of the Gay and Lesbian Task Force of the American Library Association during its first 16 years of operation.
iii. Subject files: reveals personal interests outside of her activism such as bears, nature conservation, nudism, and rare books; as well as documents some of her involvement in the Philadelphia Chamber Chorus.
iv. Gittings and Brooks families: materials include documents and ephemera belonging to or referencing Gittings's paternal and maternal relatives—the Gittings and Brooks families—and include material types such as photographs, scrapbooks, correspondence, and medical and legal documents. The family member most represented in this subseries is Gittings's father John Sterett Gittings, Jr. This subseries paints a picture of her family's temperament, background, and financial status, as well as the nature of some of Gittings's familial relationships. This subseries also includes racist postcards and evidence of Nazi association by an unidentified member of Gittings's family; see "General Note" for more information.
Series II, "Documents," spans the years 1932 to 2006, with the bulk of the materials spanning 1990 to 2006. This series reflects the legal and financial activities of Gittings in her later life, leading up to her death in 2007. It contains the subseries: i. Guardianship (1985 to 1996; bulk 1991 to 1995); ii. Finances (1961 to 2007; bulk 2000-2006); and iii. Miscellaneous personal documents (1932-2007; bulk 1983-2007).
Some highlights from Series II include:
i. Guardianship: legal documents related to Gittings's guardianship of her mother Elizabeth "Mimi" Brooks and the intense legal battle between Eleanor Taylor Gittings and Barbara Gittings concerning this guardianship.
ii. Finances: taxes, bank statements, investment account statements, and donation receipts from Gittings's later life; access restricted by request of donor until 2027.
iii. Miscellaneous personal documents: here researchers can find documents like Gittings's will, health insurance documents, birth and other identifying documents, and miscellaneous membership documents.
Series III, "LGBT archives research," is a collection of correspondence, clippings, notes, and other ephemera gathered by Gittings and Lahusen during their research into LGBT archives in the late 1990s and early 2000s, the bulk of which focuses on repositories in the United States. This series is organized following an original schema that organized repositories by state. In particular, the Quatrefoil Library in Minnesota is robustly documented, and the collection includes several issues of the Quatrefolio newsletter dating from 1990 to 2006.
Series IV, "Items," houses Gittings's tuning fork.
Dates
- 1867 - 2010
- Majority of material found in 1900-1950; 1985-2006
Creator
- Gittings, Barbara, 1932-2007 (Person)
Conditions Governing Access
Materials in the subseries "Finances" of the series "Documents" are restricted from access until the year 2027.
Copyright restrictions may exist. It is the responsibility of the requester to seek permission from the holder of the copyright to reproduce material from the John J. Wilcox, Jr. LGBT Archives of the William Way LGBT Community Center.
Conditions Governing Use
Copyright restrictions may exist. It is the responsibility of the requester to seek permission from the holder of the copyright to reproduce material from the John J. Wilcox, Jr. LGBT Archives of the William Way LGBT Community Center.
Biographical / Historical
Barbara Katharine Gittings (1932-2007) was born in Vienna, Austria in 1932 to Elizabeth Brooks Gittings and John Sterrett Gittings, while John was stationed there by the U.S. Foreign Service. Gittings was educated in a private Catholic school in Montreal, Canada, as well as public junior and high schools in Wilmington, Delaware. In 1949, Gittings attended Northwestern University, where she did not complete her schooling. Shortly after dropping out of university, Gittings moved to Philadelphia and started living independently at the age of 18.
In 1961, Gittings met Kay Tobin Lahusen, a photographer and documentarian from Boston, who would become her life partner and closest collaborator for 46 years until Gittings's death in 2007.
Barbara Gittings is best known for her activism in the movement for LGBT civil rights in the United States. A Philadelphia-based activist and lesbian, she participated in and organized for some of the earliest direct actions for the rights of gays and lesbians.
In the latter half of the 20th century, Gittings challenged institutionalized homophobia in the United States government, as well as in professional groups such as the American Psychological Association and the American Library Association.
From 1965 to 1969, Gittings organized and participated in the "Annual Reminder" days, whereby gay and lesbian activists picketed in front of Independence Hall in Philadelphia to advocate for gay rights.
From 1963 to 1966, Gittings worked as the editor of The Ladder, the magazine of the Daughters of Bilitis, one of the first lesbian interest groups in the United States. With Lahusen as her closest collaborator, she gradually transformed the magazine's orientation from one of integration (whereby lesbians should seek to assimilate into the mainstream as much as possible) to one of individuation, whereby gays and lesbians defined and advocated for themselves on their own terms.
Gittings also challenged the United States Department of Defense in its persecution of LGBT federal employees, known as the Lavender Scare. Acting as legal representation for victims of this persecution, Gittings and fellow activist Frank Kameny played a major role in the removal of the homophobic Dr. Charles Socarides from the Defense Department's list of expert witnesses.
From 1968 to 1972, Gittings played an important role in organizing resistance to the American Psychological Association's homophobia, primarily through actions at APA conferences along with other activists. This culminated in a panel, organized by Gittings and Frank Kameny, titled "Psychiatry: Friend or Foe to Homosexuals–A Dialogue," where for the first time, a homosexual psychiatrist spoke publicly at an APA conference (Dr. John Fryer, using the pseudonym Dr. H. Anonymous) and criticized the APA's pathologization of homosexuality. In 1972, homosexuality was removed from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-II).
Gittings also organized and demonstrated within the American Library Association to increase the representation of LGBT materials in libraries.
Gittings remained active in the movement for gay rights into her later life.
Gittings's mother Elizabeth Brooks Gittings (aka "Mimi") was born in New Albany, Indiana in 1901 or 1902. She and her sister Katherine A. Batchelder (nee Brooks; aka "Tante K") grew up in Argentina on account of their father Richard Turner Brooks moving the family to Buenos Aires in 1909 to represent the National Paper and Type Company of New York. Barbara Gittings was particularly close with her aunt Katherine.
Elizabeth Brooks and John Sterrett Gittings married in 1920. Over a period of several years, the couple traveled Europe on occasion of John's position with the United States government. During this time, Barbara Gittings was born in Vienna, Austria, in 1932; her older sister Eleanor was born in 1925 in Riga, Latvia; and her younger brother John Sterret Gittings, Jr. (aka "Bengy"), was born in 1929 in Prague, Czech Republic.
From around 1990 to 1995, Gittings assumed the care of her aging mother. During this time, Gittings's sister Eleanor sued her in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware, prompting Gittings to seek legal representation and produce evidence of her financial affairs as related to her mother's care.
After living in Philadelphia for the large part of their lives, Gittings and Lahusen moved to Wilmington, Delaware in 1996. Gittings died of breast cancer on February 18, 2007. She was survived by her partner Kay.
Extent
14.2 Linear Feet
Language of Materials
English
Abstract
This collection houses the personal papers of Barbara Gittings (1932-2007) and her family. Sometimes referred to as the "mother of gay rights," Gittings was a prolific activist in the movement for LGBT civil rights in the United States in the latter half of the 20th Century.
The collection spans 1867 to 2010 and documents Gittings's personal life as well as that of her family, both the Gittings (paternal) and Brooks (maternal). The collection also includes materials related to LGBT archives in the United States, compiled by Gittings and her life partner Kay Tobin Lahusen.
Material types include clippings, legal and financial documents, correspondence, photographs and photo albums, scrapbooks, and some small objects.
Immediate Source of Acquisition
Gift, Judith Armstrong, 2022.
Bibliography
- Baim, T. (with Faderman, L., & Tobin, K.). (2015). Barbara Gittings: Gay pioneer (Black and white edition). Prairie Avenue Productions : Windy City Media Group.
- Barbara Gittings: One of America’s most impactful and iconic lesbian activists. (n.d.). Division of Historical and Cultural Affairs - State of Delaware. Retrieved May 27, 2025, from https://history.delaware.gov/lgbtq/barbara-gittings/
- Brightwell, J. (2021, February). LGBT+ History Month 09/28: Barbara Gittings. Kaleidoscope LGBT+ Staff and PGR Group, University of Bath. https://blogs.bath.ac.uk/kaleidoscope/2021/02/09/lgbt-history-month-09-28-barbara-gittings/
- Brownworth, V. A. (2019, May 23). Road to Stonewall: Barbara Gittings. Philadelphia Gay News. https://epgn.com/2019/05/23/road-to-stonewall-barbara-gittings/
- Noland, A. (2022, April 15). Reminder Days. Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia. https://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/essays/reminder-days/
- Research Guides: LGBTQIA+ Studies: A Resource Guide: Before Stonewall: The Homophile Movement. (n.d.). [Research guide]. Retrieved May 27, 2025, from https://guides.loc.gov/lgbtq-studies/before-stonewall
- Rowello, L. (2024, October 9). What comes next for one of the largest circulating LGBTQ+ library collections? Philadelphia Gay News. https://epgn.com/2024/10/09/barbara-gittings-gay-lesbian-collection-free-library-future/
General
In the subseries "Gittings and Brooks families," of Series I: Personal papers, viewers are warned of materials containing sensitive content.
The folder "Racist postcards" contains three blank postcards dating from around 1898, which depict extremely racist stereotypes of Black people and use racial slurs.
The folder "Nazi postcard" contains a postcard depicting Hitler and other Nazi officials in a rally in Berlin alongside an unidentified member of the Gittings family. It is addressed to Eleanor Gittings.
Creator
- Gittings, Barbara, 1932-2007 (Person)
- Tobin, Kay, b. 1930 (Person)
- Title
- Barbara Gittings personal papers, 1867-2010, Bulk: 1900-1950; 1985-2006
- Status
- Completed
- Author
- Alyson Esther del Pino
- Date
- January 30, 2026
- Description rules
- Describing Archives: A Content Standard
- Language of description
- English
- Script of description
- Latin
Repository Details
Part of the John J. Wilcox, Jr. LGBT Archives, William Way LGBT Community Center Repository
